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Engineering Graphics, CADD (Computer-Aided Drafting/Design) & Product Design for K12
This page is reserved for online publications of research data, articles, and other documents, peer-reviewed or not, as well as any constructive criticism, comments and advice, related to the determination of K-12 age-possible topics in CADD (computer-aided drafting/design), as an instrument for the implementation of the ideas explored in the vision paper titled Proposed Model for a Streamlined, Cohesive, and Optimized K-12 STEM Curriculum with a Focus on Engineering.
Research CONCLUSION
After a thorough and careful examination of several popular textbooks used in engineering graphics and CADD courses offered at college level, as well as a review of past curriculum practice across the Nation, it has been determined that Engineering Graphics and CADD is a suitable course for middle school students. Therefore, the research on this subject has been completed.
Possible Grade-Level to Introduce this Subject
Middle school, grade to be determined.
Original Research Data Tables
Complete Report
edward_k12_engrgraphicscad_report.pdf | |
File Size: | 492 kb |
File Type: |
Textbooks Used as Sources of Data
Engineering Graphics and CADD
Technical Graphics Communication, 3rd Edition, by Gary R. Bertoline and Eric N. Wiebe, with a lot of full color illustration and photos, is one of the best engineering graphics textbooks available, and it has been used at Pasadena City College in California. After careful examination of all pages of this voluminous textbook (1234 pages total), it has been determined that the mathematics concepts and skills needed for the reading and homework assignment include: [systems of units], [fraction], [scale], [angle], [square root], [power], [perpendicularity], [parallelism], [coordinates] (axes, planes, origin), [point], [measurement] (length, width, height), [space], [conic curves] (parabolas, hyperbolas, and ellipses), [roulette] (spirals and cycloids), [double-curved lines] (helixes, etc.), [constructive solid geometry] (union, difference and intersection), [table], [chart], and [graph]. Based on my previous teaching experience, students only need to learn the basics of the above mathematics concepts and skills, including some formulas or expressions for the curves. The focus is graphical construction, not mathematics. Engineering graphics has been taught at many high schools and some middle schools as well with great success.
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Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2006, written by James D. Bethune, and published by Pearson Prentice Hall, 768 pages long, with 17 Chapters (divided into 367 Sections), this textbook has a strong focus on using different tools and setting in AutoCAD to solve engineering graphics problems. A careful examination of all pages of this textbook leads to the conclusion that the mathematics concepts and skills needed for the reading and homework assignment are similar to those found in Technical Graphics Communication, 3rd Edition, by Gary R. Bertoline and Eric N. Wiebe. When I taught engineering graphics courses at Santa Ana College (2000-2007), this book was used as one of the textbooks. The mathematics skills needed for textbook reading and homework assignments are all at pre-calculus level.
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Engineering Graphics, 4th Edition by Frederick E. Giesecke, Alva Mitchell, Henry Cecil Spencer, Ivan Leroy Hill, Robert Olin Loving, and John Thomas Dygdon, 949 pages, with 30 Chapters (divided into 695 Sections), this textbook is one of the most popular before the widespread use of CADD software programs; it is a great source of reference on manual drafting techniques; and it is the textbook I used as a student at Los Angeles Valley College back in the 1990's. A careful examination of all pages of this textbook leads to the conclusion that the mathematics concepts and skills needed for the reading and homework assignments across most chapters are similar to those found in Technical Graphics Communication, 3rd Edition, by Gary R. Bertoline and Eric N. Wiebe; they include [systems of units], [fraction], [scale], [angle], [square root], [power], [perpendicularity], [parallelism], [coordinates]
(axes, planes, origin), [measurement] (length, width, height), [point], [space], [conic curves] (parabolas, hyperbolas, and ellipses), [roulette] (spirals and cycloids), [double-curved lines] (helixes, etc.), [constructive solid geometry] (union, difference and intersection). In addition to engineering graphics topics commonly covered in many textbooks, this textbook covers graphical techniques used to solve engineering analytic and predictive problems, involving additional mathematics skills. For Chapter 27 (Alignment Chart, pages 767, 775-779, pp. 765-786), and Chapter 28 (Empirical Equations, pages 797-805, pp. 793-806), additional pre-calculus level mathematics skills of [log] and [natural log] are used. Chapter 29 (Graphical Mathematics) of this textbook also teaches how to use graphical methods to solve beginning calculus problems that require skills of [first integral] and [first derivative] (pages 811-826), using graphical techniques such as the Slop Law, the Tangent Method (using ray polygons, the Chord Method (using ray, string or Funicular Polygons), and the Area Law, Chapter 25 (Graphical Vector Analysis) teaches graphical methods used to solve statics problems, such as Bow's Natation, polygon of forces, resolution of vectors, concurrent coplanar vectors, nonconcurrent coplanar vectors (Funicular Polygon), forces in equilibrium, and relative motion; the mathematics skills involved in these techniques are all at pre-calculus arithmetic level. The above Chapters constitute a special subject of engineering graphics called "graphical computation."
Basic Blueprint Reading and Sketching, a work book by C. Thomas Olivo and Thomas P. Olivo, has been used at Santa Ana College and other colleges for engineering graphics courses. After careful examination of all pages of this textbook (218 pages total), it has been determined that the mathematics concepts and skills needed for the reading assignment are, as expected, all at pre-calculus level, and they include: [systems of units], [fraction], [scale], [angle], [square root], [power], [perpendicularity], [parallelism], and [coordinates].
Official Guide to Certified SolidWorks Associate Exams: CSWA, CSDA, CSWSA-FEA SolidWorks 2012-2013, written by David C. Planchard, 316 pages long, is another example of a CADD manual. After a careful and thorough examination of all pages of this manual, it has been concluded that the mathematics concepts and skills, in particular, those from the subject of geometry, needed for reading and hands-on home work assignment are minimal; they are all at pre-calculus level and do not exceed those found in A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011, written by Godfrey Onwubolu.
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Applied Descriptive Geometry, 2nd Edition by Kathryn Holliday-Darr, 473 pages long, with 11 Chapters (divided into 50 Sections), has been used in Engineering 228 (Descriptive Geometry) course at Santa Ana College, California when I taught the course (2000-2007). This textbook, together with Engineering Graphics, 4th Edition by Frederick E. Giesecke, Alva Mitchell, Henry Cecil Spencer, Ivan Leroy Hill, Robert Olin Loving, and John Thomas Dygdon, constitute the primary sources of reference for the methods of geometric constructions for my study of the subject of engineering descriptive geometry, before I developed my FREE online textbook on the subject of descriptive geometry and sheet-metal design with Autodesk AutoCAD and Inventor, titled Engineering Descriptive Geometry A Collection of Teaching & Learning Modules for the Dummies with Autodesk AutoCAD & Inventor. As expected, a careful examination of all pages of this textbook leads to the conclusion that the mathematics concepts and skills needed for the reading and homework assignment include [systems of units], [fraction], [scale], [angle], [square root], [power], [perpendicularity], [parallelism], [coordinates] (axes, planes, origin), [point], [measurement] (length, width, height), [space], and [vertex].
Fundamentals of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, by Alex Krulikowski, is one of the best textbooks on the subject of GD&T. It has been used at Santa Ana College in California and in many other colleges. After careful examination of all pages of this short textbook (382 pages total), it has been determined that the mathematics concepts and skills needed for the reading and homework assignment are all at pre-calculus level and they include: [four operations], [geometric solids] (cylinder, sphere, cube), [geometric shapes] (circle, square, rectangle), [surface], [plane], and other knowledge about geometric shapes and solids. They could be taught or reviewed when the GD&T knowledge content and skills are included in a middle-school level engineering graphics course.
A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011, written by Godfrey Onwubolu, 802 pages long, is one of many textbooks published by Schroff Development Corporation, a publisher of CADD, CAM, FEA and engineering graphics textbooks. The company also published many other textbooks on SolidWorks, AutoCAD, Inventor, 3ds MAX, Revit, CATIA and others. For textbooks on CADD, I have used many before and have selected A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011, written by Godfrey Onwubolu, as a reference source. After a careful and thorough examination of all pages in this textbook, it has been concluded that the mathematics concepts and skills, in particular, those from the subject of geometry, needed for reading and hands-on homework assignment are minimal; and they include [four operations], [power], [root], [measurement and dimension] (length, width, depth, radius, diameter, angle), [systems of units], [angle] (right, acute and obtuse], [line] (straight, horizontal, vertical, curved, oblique, slanted, parabola, spline, helix, spiral), [point], [direction], [coordinates] (axes, planes, origin), [solid] (cylinder, sphere. prism, cube, wedge, loft, swept), [shape] (square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, polygon), [perpendicularity], [parallelism], [tangency], [array] (circular and rectangle), [view] (front, side, back, top, bottom, auxiliary), [axonometric] (isometric, dimetric, trimetric), [chamfer], [fillet], and [mirror image]. Only in Chapter 7 (Part Modeling with Equation Driven Curves) (pages 7-8, 7-12, 7-15, 7-17 and 7-22) are basic calculus-based mathematics formulas such as [first derivative] and [first integral] appear in the explanation of technical terms; however, they do not involve homework assignment and thus, for all practical purposes, could be just ignored. Therefore, all mathematics skills needed as pre-requisites for a typical CADD course are all at pre-calculus level. As a matter of fact, CADD courses have been offered at high schools and even middle schools in the United States for many years.
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Product Design
Product Design Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development, written by Kevin Otto and Kristin Wood, 1049 pages long, with 19 Chapters (125 Sections), covers a full range of topics in product engineering and design, from concept ideation, engineering experimentation, through prototyping, to ecological and economic factors; and it includes many valuable do's and don'ts hints for appropriate design practices for product components. As stated by Maurice F. Holms, Vice President and Chief Engineer of Product Design at Xerox Corporation in the Forward (page xvii), this book offers "an approach to 'state-of-art' engineering methods, tools, and processes that when utilized within the discipline of an overall product development process, depicts a very powerful practice of design."
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It covers many real-world cased of product engineering and design. The content of this book is basically descriptive and informational and include no homework assignment using engineering predictive and computational formulas. After careful and thorough examination of all pages in this book, it has been concluded that out of a total of 1049 pages, and mostly in citing real-world product engineering and design case studies including those from patent libraries,
(1) Only about 120 pages include pre-calculus level mathematics skills such as [four operations], [power], [root], [trigonometric functions], [summation], [inequality], [set], [table], [chart] and [graph]; and the pages involved are pages 326, 346, 347, 435, 485, 486, 496, 504, 514, 523, 524, 526, 552-555, 610, 618, 626-628, 630-633, 639, 651-660, 688, 689, 698, 702, 703, 739, 765, 784-787, 794, 795. 802-804, 810, 813, 815, 817-820, 823-825, 828, 867-870, 900-908, 916, 917, 920-926, 929-933, 937, 939-948, 958, 961, 973, and 992-995. (2) Only about 30 pages contain formulas using beginning calculus skills such as [first order integral], [first degree derivative], and [first degree partial derivative]; and the pages involved are pages 522, 525, 634, 636, 637, 805-809, 814, 826, 827, 907, 949, 991, and 1001-1007. This book is age-possible for the high school level Capstone Engineering Design and Research course, in the futuristic K12 Engineering and Technology curriculum explored in the Vision Paper. This book could be used in the proposed Capstone Engineering Design & Research course as well. About digital technology ...Websites and Youtube videos could be extensively used to show K12 students the product design and engineering process.
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My FREE Online Textbook ...
Engineering descriptive geometry and sheet-metal design:
Engineering Descriptive Geometry: A Collection of Teaching & Learning Modules for the Dummies with Autodesk AutoCAD& Inventor
Industrial product design:
Industrial Product Design in the Age of Globalization and Digital Revolution
Engineering Descriptive Geometry: A Collection of Teaching & Learning Modules for the Dummies with Autodesk AutoCAD& Inventor
Industrial product design:
Industrial Product Design in the Age of Globalization and Digital Revolution
Mathematics Pre-requisites for My FREE Online Textbook ...
They are all at pre-calculus level and do not exceed those found in A Comprehensive Introduction to SolidWorks 2011 by Godfrey Onwubolu, and published by SDC Publications,
The research on this subject has been financed by part of a gift of US$10,000 from Mrs. Xiuyu Li, my mother and resident of the District of Gulangyu, City of Xiamen, Province of Fujian, the People's Republic of China, during my recovery from left arm injury at Athens, Georgia (2009)
本科目的研究成果由我的母亲李秀玉女士(中华人民共和国福建省厦门市鼓浪屿区居民)在我2009年在美国佐治亚州雅典市左手受伤休养期间赠送10000美元中拨款赞助
RESEARCH OUTCOMES Navigator:
(1) Engineering Foundation (Introduction to STEAM for K12, Statics for K12, Dynamics for K12, Strength of Materials for K12, Engineering Materials for K12, Statistics& Probabilities for K12, and Engineering Economics for K12);
(2) Mechanical Engineering (Mechanical Design for K12, Fluid Mechanics for K12, Aerodynamics for K12, Heat Transfer for K12, Thermodynamics for K12);
(3) Engineering Technology (CADD& Product Design for K12, Manufacturing Processes for K12, Engineering Programming for K12);
(4) Civil Engineering (Introduction to Computerized Civil Engineering Design for K12, Introduction to Global Positioning System & Land Surveying for K12, Introduction to Structural Design for K12);
(5) Electrical Engineering (Introduction to Electrical & Electronics Devices for K12, Introduction to Circuit Analysis & Simulation for K12, Introduction to Robotics & Programming for K12);
(6) Capstone Engineering Design and Research;
(7) Available K12 STEAM Learning Resources;
(8) Mathematics Pre-requisites for Undergraduate Engineering Programs;
(9) Recommended Artistic Skills for STEM Professionals.
(1) Engineering Foundation (Introduction to STEAM for K12, Statics for K12, Dynamics for K12, Strength of Materials for K12, Engineering Materials for K12, Statistics& Probabilities for K12, and Engineering Economics for K12);
(2) Mechanical Engineering (Mechanical Design for K12, Fluid Mechanics for K12, Aerodynamics for K12, Heat Transfer for K12, Thermodynamics for K12);
(3) Engineering Technology (CADD& Product Design for K12, Manufacturing Processes for K12, Engineering Programming for K12);
(4) Civil Engineering (Introduction to Computerized Civil Engineering Design for K12, Introduction to Global Positioning System & Land Surveying for K12, Introduction to Structural Design for K12);
(5) Electrical Engineering (Introduction to Electrical & Electronics Devices for K12, Introduction to Circuit Analysis & Simulation for K12, Introduction to Robotics & Programming for K12);
(6) Capstone Engineering Design and Research;
(7) Available K12 STEAM Learning Resources;
(8) Mathematics Pre-requisites for Undergraduate Engineering Programs;
(9) Recommended Artistic Skills for STEM Professionals.
Freedom and opportunities! You will have the right to a high quality K12 science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) education!
¡Libertad y oportunitades! ¡Usted va a tener el derecho a una K12 educación de alta calidad en ciencia, tecnología, ingenería, artes y matematica (CTIAM)!
自由和机会!你们将拥有接受高质量的、贯穿幼儿园到中小学阶段的科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学教育的权利!
¡Libertad y oportunitades! ¡Usted va a tener el derecho a una K12 educación de alta calidad en ciencia, tecnología, ingenería, artes y matematica (CTIAM)!
自由和机会!你们将拥有接受高质量的、贯穿幼儿园到中小学阶段的科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学教育的权利!